Citronella is an easy crop to grow and reaches maturity, about 2 metres high, very quickly. Though it can be planted anytime during the year, it is best to plant it with the onset of monsoon rains.

The citronella plant is first harvested after 6 months, then every 3 months after that – with up to 5 harvests a year depending on soil fertility. The essential oil comes from the leaf, which can be fresh or partially dried before steam distillation.